Sunday, 1 September 2013

Week 5 - Cultural Approaches


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Hi guys, welcome to week 5, this week we are going to talk about cultural approaches in organisational communication.

First, we need to examine the prescriptive view of culture which contains two perspectives of “culture” in organisations.
l  Deal & Kennedy’s “Strong Cultures”
l  Peters & Waterman’s “Excellent Cultures”

These two perspectives conceptualise culture as a “thing” that belongs to an organisation. Having the “right” kind of culture of culture can make or break an organisation.

But a number of scholars reject the prescriptive view of culture, they see culture as the emerging and something fragmented values, practices, narratives, and artefacts that make a particular organisation “what it is.” An alternative approach have been taken into account - the description and  understanding of culture – and it elucidates that cultures are very complex, are socially constructed through the communicative interaction of organisational members, are composed of fragmented subcultural unites, and may be fraught with ambiguity.

Edgar Schein, a management scholar and consultant, proposed a very interesting theory with respect to organisational culture, Schein argues that cultures can be best conceptualised as having three levels: behaviours and artifacts, espoused organisational values, and taken-for-granted assumptions about how the world works. Schein’s theory is a very essential tool to understand organisational culture (Miller 2012, p.89-94).

Even if many scholars rejected the perspective of “Strong Culture” proposed by Deal and Kennedy, in my opinion, their strong culture is worthwhile to be interrogated.

According to Deal and Kennedy (1982, cited in Miller 2012, p.83), there are four key components of a strong culture:
1)   Values
2)   Heroes
3)   Rites and rituals
4)   Cultural network

In my experience, business success can be enhanced through the development of a ‘strong culture’. Rites and rituals are key components of a strong culture. Deal and Kennedy suggest that rites and rituals are the ceremonies through which an organisation celebrates its values. Awarding outstanding employees in a corporate-wide banquet is a good example of what Deal and Kennedy suggest of ‘Strong Cultures’. As I discussed in last week, I did my internship in a very large English-training organisation in China. I was very luck to become one of the comperes of the annual end-year convention (usually hold as a large corporate-wide banquet with many interesting components). Awarding outstanding employees is the most exciting component of the banquet, when employees got awarded, the first sentence they uttered is ‘much appreciate for the company in which my diligence and sacrifice can be recognised.’ They became heroes in that organisation and the organisation periodical newsletters would then advocate the spirits and beliefs held by award-winners (cultural network).

Thus, I think this is quite obvious that the employees who get awarded are very happy to be part of the company because their performance in the past year are acceptable and validated. So, their productivity could be improved because the culture of the company provides a ‘rewarding’ atmosphere to its members.

I also recommend you guys to browse a blog article that provides an in-depth analysis concerning organisational culture. Very interesting one.
“On organisational culture change”, by Chris Mowles.

References:

Miller, K 2012, Organisational communication – approaches and processes, 6th edn, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Boston.

Mowles, C 2013, ‘On organisational culture change’, blog post, Complexity and Management Centre, 7 October, viewed 10 November 2013,

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